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The Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BCE and adopted in 45 BCE, replaced the inaccurate lunar-based Roman calendar with a solar-based system. Used in Europe for over 1,600 years, it was replaced by the Gregorian calendar in 1582. By providing a more reliable way to measure time, the Julian calendar improved agricultural planning, religious events, and government administration. Its leap-year system was a key advancement,…